Supreme Court Explains 7 Sub-Rights that Must be Protected by State During Land Acquisition  ||  SC: Accused Can’t be Arrested by ED After Special Court has Taken Cognizance of PMLA Complaint  ||  SC: Employees Filing Writ Petitions Against Air India After its Privatisation, Not Maintainable  ||  SC: UP Anti-Conversion Law May Seem to be Violating Article 25 of Constitution of India  ||  SC: UP Anti-Conversion Law May Seem to be Violating Article 25 of Constitution of India  ||  Kerala High Court: Power to Add Charges Remains With Court, Can’t be Done at Behest of Parties  ||  Allahabad High Court: Can’t Allow Petition for Expeditious Disposal of Cases on Regular Basis  ||  SC: Can’t Consider Payment of Compensation A Factor to Reduce Sentence of Convict  ||  SC: No Need for PMLA Acc. to Fulfill S. 45 Conditions When Furnis. Bond After Appearing Before Court  ||  Plea to Terminate 30 Weeks Pregnancy Dismissed, SC Talks About Right to Life of Child in Womb    

Search Results for Tag : note

Judgments

Unless the concurrent findings recorded by the lower courts were found to be perverse, the same are not required to be interfered with by the High Court(14.10.2022)

The Appellant– original Plaintiff instituted the suit against the Respondent – original defendant for recovery of Rs. 1 lakh. It was the case on behal.....

Tags : Pronote, Execution, Proof



Top Story

Possession of old 500 & 1000 rupee notes set to become illegal(29.12.2016)

The Central Government Cabinet had approved an ordinance in respect of possession of old notes as a penal offence. The Cabinet has approved promulgati.....

Tags : Notes, Possession, Legality



Decision taken by the Government in relation to the economic policies is not ordinarily interfered by the Courts unless arbitrary(29.05.2023)

The instant writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India has been filed by the Petitioner as a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) seekin.....

Tags : RBI Notification, Banknotes, Exchange



Possession of old 500 & 1000 rupee notes set to become illegal(29.12.2016)

The Central Government Cabinet had approved an ordinance in respect of possession of old notes as a penal offence. The Cabinet has approved promulgati.....

Tags : Notes, Possession, Legality



Any classification should be based on the description and function of an item as it is imported and not on its end-use(30.11.2023)

The Respondent Larsen and Toubro Ltd. imported G-24 PL 001 GSM Chipset Wavecom (modem) vide Bill of Entry No.2120004 dated 02.09.2009, classifying the.....

Tags : Explanatory Notes, Product, Classification



Supreme Court Takes Cognizance Regarding Time Extension of Depositing 1000 & 500 Rupee Notes(21.03.2017)

The Supreme Court has sought reply from the Central Government on a Public Interest Litigation filed alleging change in government stand of accepting .....

Tags : Notes, Deposits, Time, Extension



News

CESTAT, Bangalore: Consignment Note Sufficient to Prove Transportation for CHA(08.04.2022)

Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT), Bangalore has observed that a consignment note is enough to prove transportation for cust.....

Tags : Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal, consignment note, customs house agent



Bombay HC Seeks RBI’s Reply over Plea Highlighting Difficulty in Identifying Notes by Blinds(07.12.2016)

Bombay High Court has sought a reply from Reserve Bank of India within six weeks to a plea highlighting difficulty faced by blind persons in identifyi.....

Tags : Bombay HC, RBI, currency notes, coins, blind persons



Delhi HC Rejects PIL Seeking Parole for Inmates for Depositing Old Currencies(08.12.2016)

Delhi High Court has dismissed a PIL seeking parole for inmates or cash counters in prison to help them deposit old notes.

Tags : Delhi High Court, parole, old notes



Madras HC: Signature & Thumb Impression Are Not Mandatory For Pro-Note Under NI Act(16.05.2022)

Madras High Court has ruled that it is not compulsory under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 to obtain both signature and thumb impression for a p.....

Tags : Madras High Court, Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, thumb impression, pro-note



Madras HC Refuses to Pass Any Order on Recovered Demonetised Currencies(01.12.2016)

Madras High Court has refused to pass any kind of orders with respect to exchange of demonetised Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 currency notes recovered by Pol.....

Tags : Madras High Court, demonetised, currency notes



Bombay HC Directs to Break Bank Lockers to Unveil Demonetised Notes(05.12.2016)

Bombay High Court has appointed a court receiver to break open two bank lockers belonging to estate of the late classical singer and Sangeet Natak Aca.....

Tags : Bombay High Court, bank lockers , demonetised notes



Supreme Court Refuses to Stay Transfer of Cases Relating Demonetization of Rs 500 & Rs 1000 Notes(23.11.2016)

Supreme Court has refused to stay transfer of proceedings against demonetisation of Rs500 and Rs1,000 currency notes across various High Courts in the.....

Tags : Supreme Court, demonetisation, Rs500, Rs1,000, currency notes



Notifications & Circulars

Acceptance of old demonitised 500 and 1000 rupee notes for making payments to Central and State Governments including Municipal and local bodies(10.11.2016)

The Central Government has taken a decision that old 500 & 1000 rupee notes will be accepted for making payments towards fees, charges, taxes and pena.....

Tags : Notes, De-monetisation, Facility



Withdrawal of Legal Tender Character of existing Rs. 500/- and Rs. 1000/- Bank Notes(09.11.2016)

Please refer to circular DCM (Plg) No. 1226/10.27.00/2016-17 November 08, 2016 on the captioned subject. In order to ensure that the ATMs stop dispens.....

Tags : Bank Notes, Withdrawal, Limits



Constitution of Task Force for enabling dispensation of Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series Banknotes - Recalibration and reactivation of ATMs(14.11.2016)

It has become necessary to re-calibrate all ATMs/ Cash handling machines to dispense the new design notes following introduction of Mahatma Gandhi (Ne.....

Tags : Task force, Constitution, Bank Notes



Issue of Rs. 20 banknotes without inset letter and intaglio printing(29.12.2016)

The Reserve Bank of India will shortly issue Rs. 20 denomination banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi Series-2005, without inset letter in both the number .....

Tags : Rs. 20 banknotes, Issuance, Without inset letter



Guidance Note on Board Evaluation(05.01.2017)

Subject of Evaluation i.e. who is to be evaluated;
b.Process of Evaluation including laying down of objectives and criteria to be adopted for ev.....

Tags : Evaluation, Notes, Guidance



Bombay High Court Quashes FIR Against Mumbai Woman Who Deposited Fake Notes(09.10.2018)

Bombay High Court has quashed an FIR and trial against a 25-year-old woman who was charged with depositing five counterfeit currency notes in her bank.....

Tags : Bombay High Court, Fake Notes, Demonetisation



Delhi HC: Demonetised Notes Can’t be Deposited in Court Treasury(15.12.2016)

Delhi High Court has directed that demonetised currency notes of Rs 1,000 and Rs 500 will not be deposited in Court treasury and asked judicial office.....

Tags : Delhi High Court, Demonetised Notes, Court Treasury



Gujarat HC Notices RBI over DCCBs Plea Seeking Permission to Collect Defunct Currencies(15.12.2016)

Gujarat High Court has directed RBI to spell out the "immediate steps" it plans to undertake following requests made by two DCCBs to allow them to col.....

Tags : Gujarat High Court, DCCBs, currency notes



RBI: New Rs. 500, 2000 Notes From November 10(09.11.2016)

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor, Urjit Patel has said that Apex Bank will launch new Rs 500 and Rs 2,000 currency notes from November 10.

Tags : Reserve Bank of India, New Rs. 500, 2000 Notes



Bombay HC Rejects Plea to Suo Moto Take Up Issue of Demonetisation of 500 & 1000 Rs. Currency Notes(10.11.2016)

Bombay High Court has turned down plea of two advocates, who had appealed to it to suo moto take up issue of inconvenience citizens are facing after d.....

Tags : Bombay High Court, demonetisation, 500, 1,000, currency notes



Specified Bank Notes (Cessation of Liabilities) Bill, 2017 Receives President Assent(01.03.2017)

Specified Bank Notes (Cessation of Liabilities) Bill, 2017 that provides for cessation of liabilities on specified bank notes has received assent fr.....

Tags : Specified Bank Notes (Cessation of Liabilities) Bill, 2017



# GST Changes Applicable From 01.01.2021: Time Limit for ITC Availment on Debit Note Amended(29.12.2020)

Finance Act, 2020 has amended Section 16 (4) of the Central Goods and Service Act, 2017, omitting the words “invoice relating to such” and hence the t.....

Tags : Finance Act, 2020, Central Goods and Services Act, 2017, ITC on Debit Note



Guidance Note on Board Evaluation(05.01.2017)

The Companies Act, 2013 and SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 ("SEBI LODR") contain broad provisions on Board E.....

Tags : Evaluation, Notes, Guidance



Madras HC Junks Plea to Declare Rs 2000 Notes Invalid(27.02.2017)

Madras High Court has dismissed a Public Interest Litigation to declare newly introduced ? 2,000 currency notes invalid since they contain numerals in.....

Tags : Madras High Court, 2000 Notes



Supreme Court on Demonetisation: Why Old Notes by Citizens Not Accepted Till March 31?(21.03.2017)

Supreme Court has said that Modi Government's decision to close March 31 RBI window to deposit old notes smacked of arbitrariness and sought to know w.....

Tags : Supreme Court , demonetisation, old notes



Supreme Court Notices Centre Over RBI's Refusal to Exchange Demonetised Notes(06.03.2017)

Supreme Court has issued a notice to Central Government on a plea challenging Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) refusal to accept Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 note.....

Tags : Supreme Court, Demonetised Notes, Reserve Bank of India



RBI Says ‘Banks Can Accept Coloured Notes’ Appeals to Avoid Dirtying Them(10.03.2017)

Reserve Bank of India has clarified that banks can accept colour-stained notes amid messages circulating on WhatsApp that public sector banks have bee.....

Tags : Reserve Bank of India, Coloured Notes



RBI: Banks Cannot Refuse to Accept Scribbled, Coloured, Faded Bank Notes(01.05.2017)

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has clarified by its notification dated 25th April 2017 that bank branches cannot refuse to accept scribbled/coloured/fade.....

Tags : Reserve Bank of India, Scribbled, Coloured, Faded Bank Notes



Supreme Court Agrees to Decide Upon Extended Window For Note Exchange in July(12.04.2017)

Supreme Court has said that it will first decide whether there is a need at all to open a window for public to exchange or deposit their demonetised c.....

Tags : Supreme Court,Demonetization, Note Exchange



Delhi High Court : Participatory Notes Are Regulated Under the Law(18.09.2015)

Delhi High Court while dismissing PIL, which had claimed that Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had wrongly made a statement that P-Notes were not illegal.....

Tags : Delhi High Court , Participatory Notes



Issuance of Rs. 500 bank notes without inset letter, in the Mahatma Gandhi (New Series)(08.12.2016)

The Reserve Bank of India will shortly issue Rs. 500 denomination banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series, without any inset letter, bearing sign.....

Tags : Bank notes, Issuance, Inset Letter



Withdrawal of Specified Banknotes : Cash requirements of pensioners and Armed Forces Personnel(24.11.2016)

In view of the withdrawal of legal tender character of the Specified Banknotes (SBN) demand for cash is expected from Government officials and pension.....

Tags : Demand, Bank notes, Government officials



RBI clarifies: No change in existing Currency and Banknotes(06.06.2022)

There are reports in certain sections of the media that the Reserve Bank of India is considering changes to the existing currency and banknotes by rep.....

Tags : No change, Currency, Banknotes



Distribution of Banknotes during November 10 to December 19, 2016(21.12.2016)

Consequent to the announcement of withdrawal of Legal Tender status of banknotes of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 denominations from the midnight of November 8.....

Tags : Bank Notes, Distribution



Govt: Specified Notes Confiscated on or before 30.12.2016 Can be Deposited in Any RBI Branch(17.05.2017)

Govt has notified rules regarding deposit of Rs. 1000 and Rs. 500 Currency Notes confiscated on or before 30.12.2016 which makes it possible for enfor.....

Tags : Specified Bank Notes (Deposit of Confiscated Notes) Rules, 2017



Govt. Allows Central District Cooperative Banks To Deposit Scrapped Notes With RBI(21.06.2017)

Government of India has allowed Central District Cooperative Banks to deposit demonetized notes [Rs.500, Rs.1000] with Reserve Bank of India.

Tags : demonetized notes



Orissa High Court's Green Note at Centre's Indiscretions(20.05.2019)

Orissa High Court has directed the Union of India to provide 2,000 trees for plantation in the Cuttack Development Authority area while allowing resto.....

Tags : Orrisa High Court, Green Note



Supreme Court Grants 4 Weeks Time To RBI, Centre On Siblings’ Plea For Exchanging Old Notes(05.09.2017)

Supreme court has given RBI and Finance Ministry four weeks time to file response on a plea seeking extension of window for exchanging demonetized not.....

Tags : Supreme Court, demonetized notes



SC Notices RBI, FM Over Plea For Exchange of Old Notes Found in Dead Parents’ Bank Locker(24.07.2017)

Supreme Court has issued notice to RBI and Finance Ministry on a fresh plea seeking permission to deposit Rs 60 lakh in old notes which were lying in .....

Tags : Supreme Court, Demonetised Notes, Reserve Bank of India



Delhi HC Asks for RBI’s Reply on Plea to Make Notes Identifiable by Visually Challenged Persons(21.08.2019)

Delhi High Court has issued notice to the Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to file an affidavit mentioning the steps taken and the p.....

Tags : Delhi HC, Notes



Issue of Rs. 10 banknotes with improved security features(09.03.2017)

The Reserve Bank of India will shortly issue Rs. 10 denomination banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi Series-2005 with inset letter 'L' in both the number .....

Tags : Bank Notes, Issuance, Security



Issue of Rs. 10 Denomination Banknotes in Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series bearing the signature of Shri Shaktikanta Das, Governor(20.05.2019)

The Reserve Bank of India will shortly issue Rs. 10 denomination Banknotes in Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series bearing the signature of Shri Shaktikanta Da.....

Tags : Issue, Rs. 10 Denomination, Banknotes



Central Government hereby declares the services in the Bank Note Paper Mill India Private Limited, Mysore, Karnataka to be a public utility service for the purposes of Industrial Disputes Act, 1947(11.02.2021)

Whereas the Central Government is satisfied that the public interest so requires that the services in the Bank Note Paper Mill India Private Limited, .....

Tags : Bank Note Paper Mill, Public utility, Industrial Disputes Act



CIC Orders Inquiry Into Notes Exchanged at Delhi Post Office Branches(20.09.2017)

Central Information Commission has ordered an inquiry into the exchange of old currency notes after demonetisation at post office branches in Pinto Pa.....

Tags : Central Information Commission, Note Exchange



DGFT: Importer Not Required to Furnish Quarterly Returns for Import of Water-Mark Bank Note Paper(14.07.2021)

Director-General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) has notified that the importer is no longer required to furnish quarterly returns for import of Water-mark Ba.....

Tags : Director General of Foreign Trade, Import of Water-Mark Bank Note Paper



SC: Credit Note Issued in Consideration of Replacement of Defective Part Attracts Sales Tax(17.05.2023)

Supreme Court has held that credit note issued by manufacturer of automobiles to its dealer in consideration of replacement of defective part pursuant.....

Tags : Supreme Court, Sales Tax, Credit Note, Defective Part



RBI: Rs. 2000 Notes Withdrawn from Circulation; Will Continue as Legal Tender(22.05.2023)

Reserve Bank of India in pursuance of its Clean Note Policy has announced the withdrawal of Rs. 2000 banknotes from circulation. The notes to be conti.....

Tags : Reserve Bank of India, Clean Note Policy, Rs. 2000, Legal Tender



SEBI Notifies Tight Transfer Norms for P-Notes(14.07.2016)

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has notified new norms restricting transfer of Participatory Notes (P-Notes), offshore instruments only .....

Tags : Securities and Exchange Board of India , P-Notes



Cabinet approves Joint Interpretative Notes on the Agreement between India and Bangladesh for Promotion and Protection of Investments(12.07.2017)

The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has given its approval for the Joint Interpretative Notes (JIN) on the Agreement be.....

Tags : Interpretative Notes, Investment, Approval



Detection of Counterfeit Notes(27.08.2015)

The Reserve Bank of India notified changes to procedures for recording counterfeit notes by banks. Notes tendered over the counter will be checked for.....

Tags : Rbi, counterfeit, note, reporting



Denomination of the notes of value of Rs 200 specified(23.08.2017)

In exercise of the powers conferred by Sub-section (1) of Section 24 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and on the recommendations of the Central .....

Tags : Denomination, Notes of value of Rs 200



Calcutta HC Seeks Response on Printing of Subhash Chandra Bose's Picture on Currency Notes(14.12.2021)

Calcutta High Court has sought the Union government's response in a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) seeking directions to print images of Netaji Subh.....

Tags : Calcutta High Court, Printing of Subhash Chandra Bose's Picture on Currency Notes



SEBI Tightens P-Note Norms(20.05.2016)

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has tightened rules on issue of Participatory Notes (P-Notes) to bring in more transparency and curb mis.....

Tags : Securities and Exchange Board of India , P-Notes



Karnataka High Court: Mere Allegations in Suicide Note not Enough to Invoke Charges under Section 306(08.11.2019)

Karnataka High Court has while granting anticipatory bail to an Accused charged under Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 observed that merely .....

Tags : Karnataka High Court, Suicide Note



Madras HC Dismisses Plea Challenging Rejection of Representation of Netaji on Currency Notes(03.09.2021)

Madras High Court has dismissed a plea challenging Centre's rejection of a representation for printing the image of Nethaji Subash Chandra Bose on cur.....

Tags : Madras High Court, Representation of Netaji on Currency Notes



Delhi High Court to Govt: Examine New Rs 50, Rs 200 notes(01.02.2018)

Delhi High Court has asked the Centre and the RBI to examine the new currency notes and coins, saying the visually-impaired were facing hardship in id.....

Tags : Delhi High Court, Currency Notes



SEBI Tightens Norms on P-Notes, Effective July 1(13.06.2016)

Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has tightened its Know-Your-Client (KYC) and disclosure rules on issue of Participatory Notes (P-notes),.....

Tags : Securities and Exchange Board of India , P-Notes



RBI to Issue Rs. 10 Bank notes with inset letter 'P'(14.10.2015)

The Reserve Bank of India will issue Rs. 10 denomination bank notes in the Mahatma Gandhi Series-2005 with inset letter 'P' in both the numbering pane.....

Tags : 10, ten, rupee, note, design, inset



RBI dispels rumour on non-acceptance of scribbled-on currency(14.12.2015)

The Reserve Bank of India issued a clarificatory statement to dispel rumours in social media that banks will not accept currency notes which have been.....

Tags : Bank note, scribble, tender, rumour



RBI to issue Rs. 50 Banknotes with Inset 'R' and Numerals in ascending Size(23.09.2015)

The Reserve Bank of India will issue banknotes in Rs. 50 denomination in Mahatma Gandhi Series - 2005, with numerals in both the number panels in asce.....

Tags : Rbi, 50, rupee, note



Withdrawal of Rs. 2000 Denomination Banknotes - Status(03.07.2023)

The Reserve Bank of India had announced the withdrawal of ₹ 2000 banknotes from circulation vide Press Release 2023-2024/257 dated May 19, 2023. The t.....

Tags : Withdrawal, Banknotes, Status



Withdrawal of all old series of Banknotes issued prior to 2005(23.12.2015)

The Reserve Bank of India has extended the date by which pre-2005 banknotes are to be exchanged to 30 June, 2016. An earlier notification had set 31 D.....

Tags : Banknotes, old series, 2005, withdrawal



Withdrawal of old series banknotes issued prior to 2005 deferred(11.02.2016)

The Reserve Bank of India extended the deadline for exchanging pre-2005 banknotes to 30 June, 2016. Exchange on banknotes in 2016 will only be done at.....

Tags : Rbi, banknotes, pre-2005, deadline, extend



Re 1 currency note to enter circulation(29.03.2016)

The Reserve Bank of India will soon introduce one rupee notes into circulation. The notes will incorporate bi-linguistic features, such as the signatu.....

Tags : one rupee, currency note, circulation



Supreme Court Asks Centre to Look Into PIL on RBI Branch Exchanging Defaced Currency Notes(08.01.2020)

Supreme Court has asked the Centre on Tuesday to look into a Public Interest Litigation seeking Central Bureau of Investigation probe into the Reserve.....

Tags : Supreme Court, Currency Notes



Calcutta HC Seeks Response on Printing of Subhash Chandra Bose's Picture on Currency Notes(14.12.2021)

Calcutta High Court has sought the Union government's response in a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) seeking directions to print images of Netaji Subh.....

Tags : Calcutta High Court, Printing of Subhash Chandra Bose's Picture on Currency Notes



Gau. HC: Conviction Under Section 489B of Indian Penal Code Set Aside For Lack of Mens Rea(29.02.2024)

Gauhati High Court has set aside the conviction of a man under Section 489B of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 on the ground that no mens rea on the part .....

Tags : Gauhati High Court, Section 489B of IPC, Counterfeited Notes



Beijing Intellectual Property Court Rules Patent Lawsuit in Favor of LG Innotek(29.09.2016)

LG Innotek, a parts-making unit of LG Group, has won a patent suit against Japanese electric motor-maker Nidec Corporation in case related to infringe.....

Tags : LG Innotek, Patent



Ker. HC: Bulk Possession of Counterfeit Currency Notes Would Only Lead to Conclusion of Trafficking(21.03.2024)

Kerala High Court held that possessing counterfeit coins in bulk would only lead to the conclusion that the accused carried and possessed them with th.....

Tags : Kerala High Court, Counterfeit Currency Notes, Trafficking



Madras HC: Suicide Note is Not Sufficient for Conviction(13.07.2016)

Madras HC, while setting aside 10 years rigorous imprisonment imposed on youth following suicide of a girl, has held that courts should not solely rel.....

Tags : Madras HC, Suicide Note



Del HC: Abetm. of Suicide’s Trial Can’t Solely be Based on Mention of Person's Name in Suicide Note(11.04.2024)

Delhi High Court has held that mere mention of the name of certain individuals in the suicide note, stating therein that they are responsible for his .....

Tags : Delhi High Court, Suicide Note, Abetment of Suicide, Section 306 of IPC



RBI to issue of Rs. 100 banknotes with inset letter 'L'(20.04.2016)

The Reserve Bank of India continued its trend of “ascending size of numerals” on bank notes with changes to Rs. 100 currency notes. The notes will be .....

Tags : rbi, banknotes, 100



Press Note on TRAI's Regulatory framework for Broadcasting and Cable TV sector(03.07.2018)

The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) on 3rd March 2017, notified a regulatory framework for broadcasting and cable TV service provided thr.....

Tags : TRAI's, Regulatory framework, Press Note



Discovery of Ink to Curb Fake Printing of Passports and Counterfeiting of Currency Notes(03.03.2020)

CSIR-National Physical Laboratory has developed a bi-luminescent security ink which glows in red and green colours when illuminated by two different e.....

Tags : Discovery, Fake Printing, Currency Notes



Guidance Note on Operational Risk Management and Operational Resilience(30.04.2024)

1. Purpose.

1.1 Operational Risk is inherent in all banking/ financial products, services, activities, processes, and systems. Effective mana.....

Tags : Guidance Note, Operational Risk Management, Operational Resilience



Others

Withdrawl of Soiled/Mutilated Notes from Circulation(07.08.2015)

The Reserve Bank of India informed that the object of 'Clean Note Policy' is withdrawal of soiled and mutilated notes from circulation and putting ade.....

Tags : rbi, clean note, currency



Disclaimer | Copyright 2024 - All Rights Reserved